Geniza Lab

List of account calculations in Judeo-Arabic designated on the verso according to months of the Hijri calendar. The paleography helps to estimate the dating of this fragment as 18th/19th-century. The list's purpose is confirmed by the opening words of the verso's heading "עלם חיסאב / notification of calculation of" that are connected to the individual "א׳׳ב באשה / Ab[raham?] Basha". One of the columns beneath the heading is labeled "רשיד / Rashid", likely as a reference to the northern Egyptian city. MCD.

Accounts. In Judaeo-Arabic and eastern Arabic numerals. Dated: 1199 AH, which is 1784/85 CE.

List of sales "מוביע" and purchases "מושתרא" in Judeo-Arabic that is dated solely as 68/٦٨ or 67/٦٧. The paleography and details of each transaction do not make it clear whether this year is to be read as Hijri or in the Jewish calendar. Likewise the document may be 18th or 19th-century so the years under consideration are: 1168AH, 5468AM, 1268AH, and 5568CE. It may be possible to rule out either century with further analysis of the individual lifespans of those mentioned, such as: Nissim de Curiel, Eliyyahu 'Akubas, (on recto) and Ḥasan Ağa (l. 2) and Ḥuseyn Ağa (on verso). Date: 18th c or 19th c. MCD.

Receipt for a financial transaction in Arabic recorded in Alexandria on 3 Jumada I 1236AH which is February 1821CE. The basis of the transaction in silver kuruş is explained in the heading and the note below the long list of itemized entries. The official who signed the bottom of the document bore the title of "ağa/اغا" and was also serving as a commercial "overseer / ناظر". MCD.

Accounts in Arabic dated on the verso's heading as Jumada I[?] of the year 1238AH which is 1823CE. The structure of the accounts is complex and may represent a fragment of a broader financial ledger. MCD.

List in Arabic that offers an inventory and other information for a variety of food and household items such as beans, honey, watermelon, sugar, charcoal, almonds, and many other commodities. The inventory structure is very orderly and systematized according to days of the week. On the recto the year is offered solely as "٨٨" which is most likely 1188AH or 1774/75CE given the paleography (but this estimate is not conclusive). MCD.

List of calculations and possibly accounts in eastern Arabic numerals. Very faded yet with some legible text in the upper portion of the recto. MCD.

Lists of numerical calculations related to specific individuals such as Yeḥezqel Ḥefeṣ and Shemuel Azulay. The former name was that of a scribe who produced many legal documents across the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries in Cairo (the paleography also matches this estimate of dating). The contents of the lists are somewhat unclear, because at times they indicate the parshas for specific weeks of the liturgical calendar but then may also be relying on other unrelated terminology. Date: 18th c or 19th c. MCD.

List of names and corresponding monetary values in silver kuruş (here written as a "ق" interjected occasionally in the left numerical column). Based on the paleography it is possible to estimate the dating of this fragment as 18th- or 19th-century. MCD.

Accounts in Judaeo-Arabic dated in Shawwal 1237AH which is January/February 1834CE. All of the monetary figures are expressed in "פצה /silver" and a variety of individuals are named, such as: Shemuʾel Ayali and Barukh Meṣlīh. MCD.

Accounts in Ladino dated in the first line of the recto as 8 Elul 5588JC which is 18 August 1828CE. There are many detailed entries accompanying the numerical calculations and one in particular on the recto offers a sense of their purpose: "del libro de lo ke me deven la gente / from the book of what people owe me" (l. 6-7r). This phrase can be found throughout other entries on the recto and verso, thus pointing to the likelihood that many of these figures express debts owed. MCD.

List of names and corresponding monetary values in silver kuruş (here written as "גרש" at the top of the right column). Among the names listed, there is mention of: Mūsa Mansur, Nissim Kuriel, Mūsa Zakai, Ḥayyim Huli, Binyamin Qudsi, and many others. On the right portion of the fragment, the remnant of a thread binding is still visible and suggests that it was bound as part of a broader ledger or document collection. Based on the paleography the dating is 17th- or 18th-century. On the verso, another list appears and a signature may also be present at the bottom with the common opening title in Hebrew "הצעיר". Date: 17th c or 18th c. MCD.

Lists of calculations, very faded and in eastern Arabic numerals.

Lists of contributions and calculations in Judeo-Arabic related to the communal kosher meat tax known as "gabela". The entries on the first folio's recto record the months Adar-Av ("Menachem") of the year solely referred to as "קץ"[?]. The final letters of the year mentioned in each heading contain a difficult flourish but it is likely that the first three digits can be inferred as התק = 5500= 1740 which helps to date the source as 1740-1840CE. Given the presence of Moshe Ben Naʿīm's name, who is widely attested in nineteenth century sources, it is likely that the same is also the case for this fragment. The monetary figures related to the kosher tax are recorded in silver kuruş (indicated by "ق" at the top of each column) and another type of silver coinage "פצה". The features of this fragment suggest the existence of a broader communal tax register. Date: 19th c. MCD.

Accounts in Judaeo-Arabic that feature a wide array of price-related calculation that may date from the 18th century based on the paleography and the mention of Venetian coinage. The recto is very faded yet on the verso the entry structure of the bifolium is more clear in that each set of calculations is designated by individuals, such as: Ḥayyim Tawīl, Yosef Mod[aʿ]?, and Maʿallam Saʿad. Some of the entries where prices are mentioned also reference types of coinage. On the upper right of the verso, line 2, the word "בונדוק / bunduk" appears which is in all likelihood a quantity of gold Venetian ducats. In the same column below that, the term "מתקיל / metqil" appears and elsewhere on the verso as another form of coinage. Based on the structure of this bifolium and the small tears along the inner spine, it may originate from a broader private ledger. MCD.

Lists related to communal contributions that are organized in a format according to the weeks of the liturgical calendar and their corresponding parshas as well as holidays (such as Succot and Yom Kippur). On both the recto and the verso, the year is mentioned but only legible on the recto as 5531 (1770/1771CE). This format of timekeeping is common with communal documents throughout the JRL Series C fragments yet this specific fragment is unique given the usage of western rather than eastern Arabic numerals. A handful of surnames appear and on the verso there is a list of food items. MCD.

Lists of weekly communal contributions given before various Shabbatot that are organized according to the weeks of the liturgical calendar and their corresponding parshas. In the heading of the upper left entry for the week of the Hazinu parsha, the year 5553 appears which is 1792/93CE. This form of communal recordkeeping has a wide array of joins from the late 18th and early 19th centuries such as JRL SERIES C 161. MCD.

Lists in Judaeo-Arabic that mention a wide array of potable and other items such as meat, bread, beans, soap, mastic[?] "מסתכא" (l. 2r), and many other types. The paleography helps to estimate the dating of this document as 18th/19th-century. Along the far left side of the recto Jerusalem is mentioned (l. 6r) and the coinage "metaqil / מתאקיל" which may indicate gold for prices connected to the items listed (given the mention of "וזן / weight" in the same entry: l. 16-17r). The same recordkeeping format continues onto the verso. MCD.

Lists in Judaeo-Arabic and Hebrew related to communal contributions that are organized in a format similar to JRL SERIES C 63. In the second line of each list the year appears as 5600JC which is 1839/40CE. The monetary figures are listed in "פצה / silver" and are organized chronologically according to the weeks of the liturgical calendar and their corresponding parshas as well as holidays (such as Simchat Torah). This format of timekeeping is common with communal documents throughout the JRL Series C fragments. The individuals mentioned in the headings on the recto and verso include Haim Hanan, Kelifa Haim, Nesim Hanan, and Solomon Simḥon.

List of monetary figures in Arabic from one Ibrāhīm Malikī in which one of the entries on the verso mentions the year 1256 AH and the date 7 M[uharrem?], which is 1840CE. On both the recto and verso the symbol for silver kuruş appears throughout as "ق". The heading on the verso uses the verb " which suggests payments made but it is unclear whether Ibrāhīm Malikī receiving or making the payments described. MCD.