Geniza Lab

Accounts in Judeo-Arabic of expenses and purchases for various liturgical calendar weeks (i.e. the week of Kedoshim parsha) and the food items for a Passover seder are also listed. While the bifolium itself is undated it may come from a broader notebook which could contain a date. From the paleography the dating can be estimated as 18th/19th-century. The expenses are listed in silver "פצה". MCD.

Awaiting description. (This folder is mostly or entirely 18th-century and 19th-century accounts.)

Accounts in Judaeo-Arabic and alphanumerical figures. On the verso there are clearly labeled entries that are common for the 16th-18th centuries yet on the recto lie the remnants of extensive lists that repeatedly interject the word "zero / צפר" between alphanumerical figures. This latter form of calculation is uncommon among accounts. MCD.

List in Judeo-Arabic and Hebrew of donations collected before various Shabbatot that may be dated in connection with nearby shelfmarks of the same document type (i.e. JRL Series C 156). The weekly parshas are listed such as "פינחס" and the formula for each weekly entry repeats, as "עלם מקבוץ יום שישי סדר פינחס " which translates as "notice of the [contributions] on Friday received [for] seder Pinchas". There are many examples of this communal register type from the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, such as AIU VII.F.60 and JRL SERIES B 2003. MCD.

Accounts in Judaeo-Arabic of funds regarding weeks of the Jewish liturgical calendar that differ in structure but are related to nearby shelfmarks such as JRL C 161 and JRL C 159. From the paleography the dating can be estimated as 18th/19th-century. On the recto there is also a list of books in the Bible and the corresponding totals of their respective chapters (i.e. Joshua 24, Judges 21, etc.). On the verso, the Judaeo-Arabic word "חסאב / حساب" is used repeatedly in labeling the headings of various entries/calculations. Date: 18th c or 19th c. MCD.

List of names and monetary figures in silver kuruş "גרשו" of which the dating is likely 18th/19th-century. In the verso list's heading, the word "גבלת" appears, which may be a Judeo-Arabic idafe-construction of the word "gabela / גבלה". If this is the case, then this list may indicate payments toward the communal kashrut tax. MCD.

Accounts in Arabic with a complex array of calculations likely monetary in nature, with the symbol "ق" on occasion perhaps indicating silver kuruş. The potential coinage label along with the paleography help estimate the dating of the fragment as 18th/19th-century. This fragment represents a portion of a bifolium which may have once constituted a wider financial ledger. One of the entries on the verso is labeled "اسكندراني" and the overarching headings are marked according to weekdays. MCD.

Accounts related to various coinage types such as gold mahmudiye and kuruş thaqīl (heavy kuruş). The former helps date this fragment as no earlier than 1808CE when Sultan Mahmud II ascended to the Ottoman throne. MCD.

Accounts related to various coinage types such as dirham, fiḍḍa, and gold zingirli (here spelled as "גנזרלי"). The latter helps date this fragment as no earlier than 1700CE when gold zingirl coins first began to appear in wide circulation within the Ottoman empire (Pamuk, A Monetary history of the Ottoman Empire, 167). The entries appear to be marked according to days of the week. MCD.

List of alphanumerical figures that on the verso are clearly related to debts "דיווני" and organized by succesive days of the week. On the recto the structure and content of entries is less clear. The paleography helps to estimate the dating of the fragment as 18th/19th-century. MCD.

Lists in Judeo-Arabic of various food items and their respective quantity or weight. The paleography helps to estimate the dating of the fragment as 18th/19th-century. Most of the food types are listed generically as eggs, lemon, beans, almonds, etc. but on the bottom of the recto it is clear that quantities of beef are being calculated in raṭl units given the mention of "לחם בקרי". MCD.

Awaiting description. (This folder is mostly or entirely 18th-century and 19th-century accounts.)

Accounts in Judaeo-Arabic and Hebrew alphanumerical figures. At least one currency is listed as "בנדוק / bunduq", which is the Venetian gold ducat, and based on the paleography this fragment may date to the 16th-17th centuries or later. MCD.

Accounts in Judaeo-Arabic listing a variety of individuals and corresponding monetary sums in silver kuruş which helps to estimate the dating of the document as 18th/19th-century (the Ottoman silver kuruş was not in wide circulation until the early 1700sCE). At the beginning of each entry before the name appears "טרפ / taraf" is written, which is in Ottoman Turkish is literally a "side" or "place". In this context, however, it means "for Avraham Ḥazaq's [part]". This usage is common more generally in early modern Ottoman financial recordkeeping. The lists on the recto portray account calculations that are organized by days of the week in connection to specific individuals, namely: Avraham Ḥazaq, Yehuda al-Giorbi[?], Avraham Bashiri, Eliyyahu Ḥabak[?], Mikhael Naʿim, and on the verso many more names are mentioned. Date: 18th or 19th c. MCD.

Lists in Judaeo-Arabic and pen trials of the Arabic alphabet that can be dated on the recto to the night of Simchat Torah of [5]586JC which is October 4 1825CE. On the recto, the community of the "מיצירין / Egyptians" is listed and throughout there are monetary values listed in silver kuruş (indicated by a "ق" symbol on many occasions). The bifolium's inner crease contains two holes that suggest it was once bound as part of a broader ledger or notebook. MCD.

Accounts in Arabic on a large fragment that may originate from a broader financial ledger that is dated on the lower right corner of the recto as 8 Shawwal 1238AH which is June 1823CE. Many of the monetary figures are in silver kuruş which is indicated throughout by a "ق" symbol. MCD.

Awaiting description. (This folder is mostly or entirely 18th-century and 19th-century accounts.)

Awaiting description. (This folder is mostly or entirely 18th-century and 19th-century accounts.)

Awaiting description. (This folder is mostly or entirely 18th-century and 19th-century accounts.)

Awaiting description. (This folder is mostly or entirely 18th-century and 19th-century accounts.)